In India, more and more people are becoming overweight. This is a big change from the past when most Indians ate healthy food and stayed active. People are eating more junk food and sugary drinks, and they're not moving around as much.
The primary reason for the increase in obesity among Indians is the changing dietary habits. Traditional Indian diets, which were once rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes, are being replaced by high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. The rise of fast food chains and the increasing consumption of processed foods and sugary beverages have contributed significantly to the rise in obesity rates.
Nearly one in 16 women and one in 25 men is obese in India. And Indians have only been growing fatter over the past 15 years, shows data published in the fifth and latest round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS).
What is Obesity and Why is it an Important Health Indicator?
Obesity is a condition defined by excessive body fat buildup, which can result in various health concerns. It is often measured using the Body Mass Index (BMI), which is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI higher than 30 is considered obese.
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Obesity is a crucial health indicator because it is associated with an increased risk of developing serious health conditions, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. It also has a significant impact on quality of life, as it can lead to mobility issues, social stigma, and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety.
Obesity Gender Gap
One striking aspect of the obesity trend in India is the gender gap. Studies have shown that women in India are more likely to be obese than men. This gender disparity can be attributed to various factors, including cultural norms, socioeconomic status, and biological differences.
In Indian society, women are often expected to prioritize the well-being of their families over their health. It can lead to neglect of their dietary and exercise habits, making them more susceptible to obesity. Additionally, women in India are more likely to be sedentary due to cultural expectations and limited access to safe outdoor spaces for physical activity.
Genetic and Metabolic Factors
While lifestyle factors play a significant role in the rise of obesity in India, genetic and metabolic factors also play a role. Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to obesity, making it more challenging for them to maintain a healthy weight. Additionally, metabolic disorders such as thyroid issues or insulin resistance can contribute to weight gain and obesity.
Also Check: Ways to Tackle Childhood Obesity
Factors Contributing to Obesity in India
- Dietary Habits: The traditional Indian diet, which is rich in carbohydrates, fats, and sugars. It was more balanced nutritionally in comparison to current scenario which has been implicated in the rising obesity rates. The increased consumption of processed and fast foods has also contributed to the problem.
- Sedentary Lifestyle: Changes in lifestyle and occupational patterns have led to a more sedentary lifestyle among Indians, with fewer opportunities for physical activity.
- Urbanization and Economic Growth: Urbanization and economic growth have led to changes in dietary habits and lifestyle choices, contributing to the obesity epidemic.
- Hypothyroidism: Those who suffer from hypothyroidism have low levels of thyroid hormone. Low levels of thyroid hormone in the body slow down metabolism leading to weight gain and obesity.
- Medical conditions: In some people, medical conditions, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, Cushing's syndrome and other medical conditions can cause obesity. Medical problems, such as arthritis, can lead to decreased activity, which often results in weight gain and obesity.
- Certain medications: Consumption of certain medications can lead to weight gain if you fail to compensate through diet and exercise. These medications include some antidepressants, anti-seizure medications, diabetes medications, antipsychotic medications, steroids, and beta blockers.
- Lack of sleep: With long working hours and social media addiction at its peak more and more people are getting sleep deprived. Lack of sleep causes changes in hormones that increase appetite leading to food cravings, consumption of foods high in calories and carbohydrates, contributing to weight gain and obesity.
- Excess insulin: The main function of insulin is to process sugar and carry it to the cell to be used. However, an excess of insulin carries the sugar to the cell and stores it in the body as fat. High levels of stress are the main culprit for high insulin levels, also make you naturally crave for processed foods and sugary drinks making you prone to weight gain and obesity.
- Low serotonin levels: Serotonin exerts a powerful impact on emotions, appetite, digestion, and cravings for carbohydrates. Chronic stress, poor sleep and out of control multi-tasking are the main causes of serotonin depletion and cause of obesity among Indians.
- Leptin resistance: Leptin, also known as the “obesity hormone” controls hunger and feeling of satiety. Leptin is secreted by the adipose tissue and as a person gains weight, the number of fat cells increase leading to increase in leptin levels and leptin resistance. Leptin resistance, in turn, disrupts the hunger signals leading to food cravings, overeating and a vicious cycle of overeating, weight gain, and obesity.
Also Read: The Hidden Connection Between Stress And Obesity
Strategies to Combat Obesity
- Promote Healthy Eating Habits: Promote eating a well-balanced diet full of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains. Limit the intake of sugary drinks, processed foods, and high-fat foods.
- Increase Physical Activity: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, along with strength training exercises.
- Behavioral Changes: Develop healthy habits such as mindful eating, portion control, and stress management to avoid emotional eating.
- Community and Policy Interventions: Implement community-based programs and policies that promote healthy eating and physical activity, targeting high-risk populations.
In conclusion, the rising obesity rates in India are a complex issue that requires a comprehensive approach to address. By promoting healthy lifestyles, educating the public, and implementing policies that support healthy choices, we can work towards reducing obesity rates and improving the overall health and well-being of the Indian population.
